Novac - Money

Pogledajte Wikivoyage: Valuta za smjernice za uređivanje izraza valuta.

Informacije na koristeći novac je pokriven u kupovina, i Kupiti odjeljak vodiča kroz odredišta. Ovaj članak sadrži opće informacije o dobivanje novac u različitim oblicima za upotrebu na mnogim destinacijama, često u valutama koje nisu kod kuće.

Postoji niz načina za dobivanje i razmjenu novca tijekom putovanja. Uvijek trgujete troškovima, rizikom i praktičnošću. Nažalost, organizirani i drugi kriminalci razvili su brojne načine kako uzeti vaš novac. Kreditne kartice imaju zakonska ograničenja visine odgovornosti za nezakonitu upotrebu. Debitne i ATM kartice imaju i druge rizike i koristi. Ovaj članak govori o tome kako ih koristiti, rizicima i načinu pribavljanja valute ili gotovine.

Tečajevi

Prijavite se s tečajevima u Kazahstan

Mjenjačnica stranih valuta slična je burzi; međutim, vrlo velike svakodnevne promjene stopa nisu rijetke. Prije i dok putujete, morate znati relativne tržišne vrijednosti vaše domaće valute i valuta u kojima ćete putovati. Tečajevi su dostupni iz brojnih izvora, poput poslovnih vijesti, poslovnih odjeljaka novina, web mjesta banaka, web mjesta s financijama, web mjesta za razmjenu valuta i popularne tražilice poput Googlea, Yahooa i drugih pretvorit će izravno u traku za pretraživanje. Također možete preuzeti razne aplikacije ili koristiti unaprijed instalirane aplikacije za pretvorbu koje dolaze s nekim pametnim telefonima. No, kao što će biti razmotreno u nastavku i u sljedećim odjeljcima, stvarni tečaj koji će se koristiti za pretvorbe u maloprodaji često će biti nekoliko postotnih bodova gori jer su devizne tezge tvrtke i trebaju pronaći način za zaradu.

Ključno je znati je li određena stopa broj stranih jedinica u vašoj matičnoj valuti ili obrnuto. Vraćanje unatrag moglo bi biti vrlo skupa pogreška. Ta će se pogreška najvjerojatnije dogoditi ako su obje valute u vrijednosti dva ili tri puta jedna od druge. Najbolji način da se izbjegne bilo kakva zabuna je saznati vrijedi li jedna jedinica valute na vašem odredištu više ili manje nego tvoja domaća valuta. Za grube upute također možete koristiti mrežne i mobilne alate za pretvorbu opisane u prethodnom odlomku. Primjerice, britanska funta vrijedi više od jednog američkog dolara, dok japanski jen vrijedi daleko manje od američkog dolara. Valute koje vrijede više trebale bi imati stopu veću od jedne - koristite ovaj multiplikator. Suprotno tome, valute koje vrijede manje trebale bi počinjati s decimalnim brojem (na primjer: 0,2345) - upotrijebite i ovaj množitelj. Ako imate samo stopu u drugom smjeru, recipročan ili inverzan tipka na kalkulatoru (obično 1 / X) vratit će ga natrag. Na primjer, ako imate stopu 4,264, ali znate da vrijedi manje od vaše matične valute, povratni ključ ponovo će je prebaciti na 0,2345 (približno). Kao provjera pogreške, dva oblika stope pomnožena zajedno trebaju biti približno jednaka jednom (0,9999, 1 0001 ili slično). Ako imate jednu cijenu za kupnju i obrnutu prodaju, zabilježite širenje ispod.

Oba oblika tečaja imaju svrhu. Koristeći prethodni primjer, po dolasku ćete dobiti 4.264 jedinice deviza za svaku jedinicu vaše domaće valute (umanjene za naknade). Na polasku ćete dobiti 0,2345 jedinica vaše domaće valute za svaku jedinicu preostale strane valute (opet, manje naknade). Isto tako, pomnožite s 0,2345 da biste preračunali strane cijene u svoju matičnu valutu.

Na šalterima mjenjača prikazat će se i cijena "kupi" i "proda" za vašu domaću valutu. Što su bliže međusobno (zvano "širenje"), to je bolja pogodba. Objavljene međunarodne tržišne cijene (dostupne samo onima koji razmjenjuju protuvrijednost milijuna američkih dolara) trebale bi biti usred cijene kupnje i prodaje. Rijetko razmjenjivane valute vjerojatno će imati veliko širenje, što će prilično skupo kupiti i prodati.

Uz tečajeve na šalteru, također zabilježite sve naknade koje se naplaćuju za bilo koju transakciju. Neki mogu biti fiksni, drugi promjenjivi i ugrađeni u korištenu stopu. Neto trošak razmjene valuta često je znatno veći od prikupljanja valuta na bankomatu (ovisno o naknadama vaše banke), jer su troškovi veći za šaltere i uredske prostore (posebno u zračnim lukama).

Ako ćete mijenjati novac za kupovinu, kamatna stopa uključuje onu naknadu. Dobivate ga dijeljenjem iznosa stranog novca koji dobivate s iznosom domaćeg novca koji plaćate. Kako ne želite stalno koristiti svoj kalkulator, dobra je ideja pronaći okvirnu procjenu s kojom možete računati s malo truda. Ako u ovom primjeru zaokružite do 5, možete pomnožiti s pet (ili podijeliti s dva i pomaknuti decimalnu točku) da biste dobili konzervativnu cijenu u vlastitoj valuti. Tada odbacujete bilo koju ponudu koja nije jeftinija nego kod kuće po toj stopi - zapravo 15% jeftiniju - ili koristite kalkulator za ponude koje se približe. Ako se dobro bavite matematikom i razlomcima, obično možete pronaći nešto što se približi tome.

Unovčiti

Gotovina iz cijelog svijeta

Gotovina je tradicionalni i svestrani način plaćanja koji se i dalje može koristiti za plaćanje većine općenitih dobara i usluga koje su vam potrebne tijekom putovanja. No, gotovina se ne može koristiti za sve kupnje. Postoje i ograničenja za nošenje ili slanje novca preko državnih granica (vidi ispod).

Izbjegavajte bilješke prevelike vrijednosti. Ako vaša bilješka vrijedi tjednu plaću, malo mjesta moći će vam pružiti promjene. Ako posjetite područje koje je siromašnije od vaše zemlje, možda će biti korisne samo iznenađujuće male bilješke. Također u bogatim zemljama mali štandovi, autobusi itd. Možda neće htjeti praviti velike bilješke. Ako igraš siromašno kada cjenkanje, ne želite pokazivati velike note prilikom plaćanja. Ponegdje trik bez promjene je česta prevara.

Većina zemalja zahtijeva da imate gotovinu u lokalnoj valuti. Međutim, u nekim zemljama u razvoju kao turista od vas će se očekivati da koristite čvrstu valutu (vidi ispod), a ne lokalna valuta - obično američki dolari ili euri, ili regionalna tvrda valuta. U nekim turističkim područjima, zračnim lukama, zrakoplovima i pograničnim regijama možda ćete se moći snaći s bilo kojom glavnom valutom ili valutom zemlje koja graniči. To će se često dogoditi uz dodatni trošak ugrađen u kurs. Makao praktički prihvaća hongkonške dolare u omjeru 1: 1 s patakom, a razlika nije uočljiva kod manjih transakcija. Međutim, zamjena novca Macaua natrag u hongkonške dolare izvan Macaaa prilično je skupa, ako ne i nemoguća, čak i u Hong Kongu. Troškovi prekograničnog prijevoza od Malezije do Singapura prihvaćaju singapurske dolare na osnovi 1: 1 jer razmjena koristi prodavaču. Neće raditi obrnuto.

Gotovina se ne može koristiti za sve kupnje. Mnogo transakcija temeljenih na kioscima (npr. U McDonaldsu) i transakcija temeljenih na aplikacijama za mobilne telefone ne prihvaćaju gotovinu. Većina tvrtki za iznajmljivanje automobila zahtijeva kreditnu karticu. Veliki hoteli često trebaju kreditnu karticu ili veliku novčanu obveznicu. Ako imate samo gotovinu, bit ćete u redu za te ulazne karte, dok su vaši susjedi preskočili i otišli do stroja bez reda koji prihvaća samo kreditne kartice ili su putem kupili karte putem interneta. Neke naknade za registarske tablice mogu se platiti samo internetskom karticom, a ne postoji praktična metoda koju bi turist mogao platiti gotovinom. Gotovina vam neće dopustiti da unajmite bicikl Washington DCili nadopunite karticu za javni prijevoz na stanici u Sydney. Glavni hotelski lanci u Nordiji više ne prihvaćaju gotovinske uplate, kao ni neki muzeji u istoj regiji. Sustavi javnog prijevoza po cijelom svijetu - uključujući i na mjestima poput Managua - potpuno se rješavaju gotovine, umjesto toga zahtijevaju plaćanje karticom po mjeri.

Još jedan nedostatak gotovine je rizik. Ako ga izgubite, ne možete ga dobiti natrag, a ako netko otkrije da imate veliku gomilu novca, postajete potencijalna meta lopova ili pljačkaša. O nekim obranama govori se u džeparoši članka, ali ne postoji potpuna obrana - nošenje gotovine uvijek uključuje rizik. Putno osiguranje mogu pokriti gubitak ili krađu gotovine do određene vrijednosti. Ako dobijete krivotvorenu bilješku ili dobijete pogrešnu promjenu od tvrtke, obično vam se malo nadaju.

Kada upotrebljavate lokalni novac, upoznajte se s osnovnim dizajnom novčanica i njihovim sigurnosnim značajkama (vodeni žigovi, hologrami itd.) I pripazite na krivotvorine i zastarjele valute. Obavezno potražite tečajnu listu prije početka putovanja i ako je moguće, potražite je iz dana u dan kako biste vidjeli varira li puno. Ako ste to zaboravili i trebate okvirne podatke, zračne luke i mjenjačnice banaka obično imaju točne (ako ponekad i loše) tečajeve. Zapamtite: razlika između stope kupnje i prodaje njihov je dobitak, pa što je niža to je bolja stopa. Naravno, sve se to ne odnosi na zemlje s „službenim“ tečajem, koje nemaju nikakve veze sa stvarnom vrijednošću njihove valute, ili zemlje s odbjeglom inflacijom. (Venezuela i Zimbabve do 2015. primjeri su toga.) Banke i mjenjači (koji rade izvan ureda, a ne bacaju novčiće iz džepa kaputa) gotovo su uvijek na sigurnom, ali taksisti i sitni trgovci mogu doći u iskušenje dlan s beskorisnih nota. Ako sumnjate, odbacite nepoznate bilješke. Također, budite posebno sumnjičavi prema velikim bilješkama jer su češće lažirane.

Za kupnju kod uličnih prodavača ponesite novac

Ako svoj novac namjeravate promijeniti u inozemstvu, ponesite novčanice iz vlastite valute samo u dobrom stanju i samo najnoviji (re) dizajn (osim ako nije stvarno novi). Banke na vašem odredištu ne mogu lako ili jeftino zamijeniti istrošenu valutu za zamjenu, kao što mogu učiniti s vlastitom valutom svoje zemlje. Istrošena papirna valuta može biti obezvrijeđena - ako je uopće prihvaćena. Čak i ako su u dobrom stanju, prethodni dizajni vaše valute možda neće biti prihvaćeni zbog zabrinutosti zbog krivotvorenja. Ako namjeravate koristiti američke dolare u inozemstvu, imajte na umu određene serije koje su prihvaćene i vodite samo jasne bilješke. Ako američke dolare kupujete za zemlje koje nisu SAD, obavijestite banku ili mjenjačnicu kako bi vam mogli dati novije bilješke odgovarajuće serije.

Obično nema ograničenja iznosa vlastite valute koju možete unijeti ili odvesti iz druge države. Međutim, morate prijaviti iznose veće od određene vrijednosti. Obično oko 10.000 američkih dolara ili protuvrijednosti - ali pažljivo pročitajte obrasce za imigraciju. Neke zemlje imaju ograničenja na iznos lokalne valute koju možete ponijeti iz zemlje. Provjerite lokalne vodiče.

Gdje nabaviti ili razmijeniti gotovinu

Mjenjačnica, Tiraspol

Bilješka: Situacija se razlikuje u svakoj zemlji, pa čak i na svakom mjestu. Koji je možda najbolji način za dobivanje lokalnog gotovine u jednoj zemlji, nije najidealniji način svugdje drugdje i obrnuto. Savjeti u nastavku su mogući opći postupci, a za dodatne informacije najbolje je uputiti se na odgovarajuće vodiče za zemlju i grad.

U mnogim zemljama najbolja opcija (s obzirom na pogodnost i obično dobar tečaj) je do koristite bankomat u zemlji odredišta umjesto da na razmjenu donesu velike količine gotovine. Uobičajeno su veće naknade i lošiji tečajevi povezani s razmjenom gotovine putem bankomata (pogledajte odjeljak u nastavku o karticama i upotrebi bankomata). Iznimka od ovog pravila je azijsko financijsko središte Singapur, gdje mali, neovisni mjenjači novca često nude bolje stope od banaka ili tvrtki koje izdaju kreditne kartice, posebno kod razmjene većih iznosa.

Mjenjačnice rade na osnovi prodaje deviza po jednom tečaju, a kupnje po drugom. Obavezno znajte trenutni međubankarski tečaj prije nego što odete od kuće. Tamo gdje je veća konkurencija, stope će vjerojatno biti bolje. Najprikladnija mjesta za razmjenu (poput zračnih luka, trgovačkih centara ili većih hotela) uglavnom imaju najlošije cijene. Ako je moguće, provjerite razliku (ili raspon) između "prodajemo" i "kupujemo". Kad je to više od 10%, definitivno vas otimaju. Međutim, neki mjenjači novca ne nude isti raspon ni na jednoj strani srednje vrijednosti. U turističkom području mogu prodavati lokalnu valutu dalje od srednje vrijednosti nego što je kupnja, znajući da većinu transakcija obavljaju s turistima koji trebaju trošiti u lokalnoj valuti. Najbolje razmjene mogu biti niže od 1,5% od srednje vrijednosti. Također provjerite postoji li dodatna fiksna provizija za svaku transakciju i uzmite to u svoj izračun. Budite oprezni kada naiđete na znak "bez provizije" ili "0% provizije": to može značiti da je obično moguća razmjena deviza izravno s bankama. Obično se možete osloniti na banku koja neće imati najbolje ili najgore stope na raspolaganju. Neke će vas banke zabavljati samo ako imate velike iznose i / ili ako imate račun kod njih ili njihovih podružnica u vašoj zemlji, a druge su svoju mjenjačku funkciju prenijele na mjenjačnicu. Još jedan nedostatak je taj što uglavnom imaju ograničeno radno vrijeme pa tijekom vikenda i praznika nemate sreće. Valjane štandove pričvršćene za zalagaonice možda vrijedi probati po razumnim cijenama. Neke institucije zahtijevaju identifikaciju prije razmjene valuta, posebno za veće iznose.

U nekim je slučajevima možda bolje zamijeniti novac prije nego što odete, u drugim je možda bolje to učiniti na odredištu. Općenito je da manje poznate valute u svijetu imaju manje povoljne tečajeve izvan države u kojoj su zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja. U stvari, prije konverzije mogu se prvo pretvoriti u poznatu valutu poput američkog dolara. natrag u valutu domaćina također po nepovoljnim cijenama. Ako je to slučaj, prije odlaska pretvorite svoju matičnu valutu u glavnu valutu (obično američki dolar), a nakon dolaska zamijenite tu glavnu valutu u valutu domaćina. Također imate više vremena za kupovinu najboljih cijena prije odlaska. Pronalazak mjenjača s najboljim cijenama na vašem odredištu oduzima vam dio vašeg dragocjenog vremena za odmor.

Većina glavnih valuta danas je predmet krivotvorenja. Proučite novčanice valute strane zemlje kako biste se upoznali s tim kako ona treba izgledati i osjećati se. Gotovo sve valute koriste tehnologije protiv krivotvorenja, uključujući tintu za promjenu boje, vodene žigove, posebne niti, iridescentne tinte, povećani tisak, holograme i druge značajke. Upoznajte se s njima kako biste ih mogli brzo provjeriti kad dobijete novu novčanicu, bilo da je to promjena iz veće bilješke ili iz mjenjačnice. Ako niste sigurni, nemojte se bojati reći da biste radije dobili drugu bilješku ili recite da biste radije dobili dvije manje bilješke za promjenu. (Primjerice, ako dobijete desetku u promjeni koja vam se ne sviđa, umjesto toga zatražite dvije petice.) Ako na kraju dobijete krivotvorinu, nakon odlaska nećete dobiti naknadu onoga tko joj je dao vi i možda ćete na kraju morati to objasniti policiji.

Razmjena na crnom tržištu

U nekim je zemljama službeni tečaj fiksiran na potpuno nerazumnom ili nerealnom tečaju. U tim zemljama crno tržište pružit će puno realniju procjenu vrijednosti valute i praktički je neizbježan. Primjerice, 2007. službeni je tečaj iznosio 250 Zimbabve dolara za američki dolar, dok je stopa crnog tržišta dosegla 600 000: 1.

Međutim, rizici razmjene na crnom tržištu su legija. Prvo i najvažnije, razmjena crnog tržišta je ilegalno a i kupac i prodavač mogu se suočiti s ozbiljnim sankcijama ako ih uhvate: prodavač može čak biti (ili raditi s njim) policajac da uhvati turiste u zamku. Drugo, rizik od prijevara je visoka: možete dobiti zastarjele novčanice, lažne novčanice, manje od obećanog iznosa ili uopće ništa. Pažljivo razmotrite trebate li uopće mijenjati, jer će tvrtke u zemljama s valutama košara često više nego rado prihvatiti tvrdu valutu umjesto toga (iako je i to često protuzakonito), a možda ćete dobiti sve lokalna valuta koju trebate vratiti kao promjenu.

Promijenite samo malo na jednom mjestu, a ostatak negdje drugdje, tako da će, ako vas prevare, biti manjeg gubitka.

Ključna smjernica za uspješne transakcije na crnom tržištu je primanje novca prije nego što predaš svoje. Prebrojite bilješke, pažljivo ih pregledajte, usporedite s onima koje već imate i, tek tada, predajte vlastiti novac dobavljaču. Nemoj dopustite im da vrate novac koji su vam dali, jer se tu mogu izvući razni trikovi za vještinu kako bi legitimni paket zamijenili nečim sasvim drugim.

U zemljama u kojima su devizni tečajevi razumni, najbolje je u potpunosti izbjeći crno tržište: riskirate izgubiti sav svoj novac za najviše zaradu.

Iznimka se može primijeniti u zemljama kao što su Nepal i Indija gdje obavljanje legalne razmjene u banci može uključivati gubljenje sat vremena ili više, ali većina hotela će vam odmah i prilično sigurno promijeniti novac. Stopa možda nije puno bolja, ali pogodnost je.

Konvertibilna valuta

Souq (tradicionalno tržište) Tunis

A konvertibilna valuta je valuta koja se lako može pretvoriti u valutu druge države; obrnuto, an nekonvertibilna valuta teoretski je bezvrijedan izvan zemlje podrijetla. Nekoliko zemalja, poput Kuba, još uvijek izdaju jednu konvertibilnu valutu za turiste i jednu nekonvertibilnu valutu za domaće stanovništvo. U nekim zemljama poput Tunis i Indija, zabranjen je uvoz ili izvoz (nekonvertibilnih) dinara i rupija, iako se takvi propisi rijetko provode za male iznose. Još, saznati zakoni unaprijed i slijedi ih.

Konvertibilnost je postavljena zakonom i ne odražava se uvijek u stvarnosti: neke valute poput Indijanac rupija je u teoriji nekonvertibilna, ali prilično je jednostavna za trgovanje u praksi, dok se drugima sviđa Svazi lilangeni su u teoriji potpuno konvertibilni, ali gotovo je nemoguće prodati ili kupiti u većini svijeta.

Unatoč nazivu, konvertibilne valute često mogu biti kupio na popustu izvan zemlje podrijetla jer ih se ljudi koji ih se žele riješiti. Pronalaženje nekoga kupiti njima je teže. Državne trgovine u nekim zemljama također će inzistirati da turisti proizvode mjenične potvrde kako bi dokazali da je njihov novac dobiven iz legitimnog izvora poput lokalne banke po službenom (obično lošem) tečaju, a takvi su certifikati često potrebni ako želite vratiti bilo kakav nepotreban novac unutar zemlje.

Ako putujete u zemlju s nekonvertibilnom valutom ili onu koju u praksi ne možete kupiti ili prodati u svojoj zemlji, sav novac trebate pretvoriti u glavnu međunarodnu valutu prije nego što napustite zemlju. Sljedećim navedenim valutama se vrlo aktivno trguje na deviznom tržištu i kao takve su široko dostupne i mogu se mijenjati u bankama bilo gdje u svijetu:

Popis je prema željenom redoslijedu, a u stvarnosti su prva 3 na popisu obično zamjenjiva čak i u najudaljenijoj mjenjačnici novca. Iako se ne trguje toliko kao osam gore navedenih valuta, Kineski juan postaje sve dostupniji mjenjačima zbog porasta statusa Kine kao glavne ekonomske sile.

Tvrda valuta

U mnogim siromašnijim zemljama s inflacijskim, nestabilnim i / ili nekonvertibilnim valutama strana deviza može se pokazati korisnijom od lokalne valute. Iako mu vrijednost varira, "zlatni standard" za valute i dalje ostaje Američki dolar. Lokalno stanovništvo može ga prihvatiti kao plaćanje, iako ne nužno po dobrom tečaju. Zapravo nekoliko zemalja u Karibi, Amerike i Jugoistočna Azija koristite kao svoje zapravo - ili čak službena - valuta. The euro također je sve bolje prihvaćen, barem u regijama s mnogo europskih posjetitelja, a siromašnije zemlje s ekonomski moćnim susjedima također mogu prihvatiti regionalne čvrste valute (poput Tajlandski baht u Mijanmar, Laos i Kambodža, Australski dolar, ili ponekad Novi Zeland dolar u većini od Oceanija, Južnoafrikanac rand u južnoj Africi i na Indijanac rupija u Južna Azija). Neke valute imaju fiksni tečaj u odnosu na euro, američki dolar ili drugu valutu. Iako su neke "vezane" 1: 1 (Panaman balboa za američki dolar, Falklandska funta za britansku funtu), što često završava, što znači da su obje valute podjednako prihvaćene, dok su druge, poput npr. Bosanske konvertibilne marke, vezane za druge tečajevi (u ovom slučaju 1 euro za 1,95583 marke) i moraju se mijenjati vjerojatnije nego ne. Međutim, te je valute obično teško zamijeniti za bilo što osim za valutu za koju su vezane, a ponekad je razmjena moguća samo u zemlji u kojoj je navedena valuta zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja. Ovaj "klin" također ima tendenciju pucanja ako vlada koja izdaje taj novac ostane bez teških eura, dolara ili funti kojima će otkupiti lokalnu valutu. Ukratko: balboas, foklandski kilogrami ili bosanske marke obično nisu ništa više od suvenira kad napustite područje u kojem su službeno.

Ako ni vaša zemlja ni država odredišta ne koriste globalno poznatu valutu, trebali biste uzeti devizu koju najčešće mijenjate na odredištu. Primjerice, netko tko putuje iz Singapura u Meksiko trebao bi uzeti američke dolare. Iako to uključuje dvostruku konverziju, ona će se gotovo uvijek pokazati jeftinijom od pojedinačne konverzije (tj. Tečaj u Meksiku za singapurske dolare ili u Singapuru za meksički pezos vjerojatno će biti užasan).

Također možete koristiti tvrdu valutu prilikom cjenkanja s lokalnim stanovništvom nudeći tvrdu umjesto lokalne valute. Koristite stopu konverzije u svoju korist i ponudite ponudu u tvrdoj valuti. Prikazivanje nekoliko američkih dolara u procesu moglo bi vam pomoći, ali svakako pokažite samo ono što ste spremni platiti. Također, ako planirate cjenkanje, budite sigurni da su vam na raspolaganju male bilješke, tako da vam ne treba puno promjene, pogotovo ako ste samo cjenkali cijenu mnogo nižu. Ne želite davati dobavljaču 50 za predmet vrijedan 5; pozvat ćete dobavljača da vam pokuša prodati više stvari ili, još gore, obavijestiti džeparoše u blizini koliko imate.

Pametno je ponijeti hitnu zalihu tvrde valute odvojene od svih ostalih stvari i dragocjenosti. Neke tvrtke koje se bave mnogim stranim turistima također mogu prihvatiti strani novac, ali gotovo uvijek po nižem tečaju kako bi se omogućile neugodnosti.

Kovanice

U većini slučajeva ne možete razmijeniti novčiće nakon što napustite zemlju. Zamijenite ih prije odlaska, stavite ih u dobrotvornu kutiju ili ih uspomnite. Upoznavanje kovanica i valuta za vašu zemlju odredišta i ne miješanje novčića iz različitih zemalja u torbici ili džepu može vam uštedjeti prikupljanje previše kovanica prije nego što krenete. Da biste izbjegli nakupljanje previše kovanica, upotrijebite ih što je više moguće za plaćanje (umjesto novčanica) tijekom gotovinskih transakcija. Neke zemlje imaju kovanice koje su relativno velike vrijednosti (poput 2 eura, 5 Švicarski franaka, 2 kanadski dolara, 500 japanski jena ili 5 bosanski konvertibilnih maraka), koje je poželjno potrošiti prvo.

U SAD-u, Velikoj Britaniji, Irskoj i Kanadi možete pronaći Coinstar stroj u mnogim supermarketima. Za to ćete trebati bilo kakve sitne promjene i pretvoriti se u eCertifikat za neke trgovine ili kao vaučer koji ćete potrošiti u trgovini u kojoj se nalazite. Budući da se 10% naknade naplaćuje na vaučer za potrošnju u trgovini, ovo je nepovoljnije od pukog trošenja sami kovani novac u trgovini po njihovoj nominalnoj vrijednosti, ali to je možda i bolje nego nositi puno novca u svoju zemlju.

Debitne, kreditne, bankomatne i pripejd kartice

Debitne kartice, kreditne kartice i pretplaćene kartice mogu se koristiti za podizanje gotovine automatski blagajni (Bankomati), plaćaju restorane i hotele i kupuju tamo gdje su prihvaćeni.

Debitne kartice ponekad su poznate i kao "čekovne kartice" ili "bankovne kartice", jer podižu novac s vašeg bankovnog računa kad ih upotrebljavate. ATM kartice su debitne kartice koje mogu podizati gotovinu samo s bankomata. Povezani su s računom na isti način kao i debitna kartica, ali s različitim rizicima. (Pogledajte "Debitne i ATM kartice: Rizici / kompromisi" u nastavku.)

Kreditne kartice nisu povezane s računom na kojem se nalaze sredstva, već se naplaćuju s kreditne linije da bi se kasnije vratile.

Pretplaćene kartice, koje se ponekad nazivaju karticama "putnog novca", kartice su s pohranjenom vrijednošću koje nadopunite, a zatim povučete prema dolje. Na kartici često mogu držati brojne različite valute.

Sve ove kartice obično su označene jednom od marki kartica, kao što su Visa ili Mastercard. Te tvrtke olakšavaju prihvaćanje kartice. Kartice koje nose samo marku vaše banke obično su samo ATM kartice. Te se kartice mogu koristiti na bankomatima vaše banke, kao i mrežama bankomata i trgovačkim mrežama na prodajnim mjestima u kojima je vaša banka.

Kreditne i debitne funkcije često se kombiniraju u jednoj kartici, tako da svaki put kad pročitate karticu odaberete želite li koristiti bankovni račun ili kreditnu karticu.

Korištenje bankomata

Red do bankomata, Azerbejdžan. Izbjegavajte bankomate u koje morate unijeti PIN s preblizom ljudima.

Korištenje bankomata (ili bankomata) može biti najprikladniji način dobivanja bilo koje valute dok ste daleko od kuće, domaće ili međunarodne. Osim u nekoliko zemalja, Mastercard, Visa i Cirrus- i Plus umrežene kartice prihvaćaju se na gotovo svim bankomatima širom svijeta. Pomoću bankomata ili debitne kartice novac će dolaziti izravno s vašeg bankovnog računa, a to je obično najjeftiniji način za dobivanje lokalnog gotovine.

Naknade se razlikuju ovisno o vašoj banci, operateru bankomata i njihovom odnosu. Podaci objavljeni na bankomatu ili prikazani na zaslonu naznačit će koliko će vam bankomat naplatiti; izdavatelj vlastite banke / kartice može dodati vlastite naknade i nadoplate, tako da ukupne naknade mogu biti veće od one naznačene na bankomatu. Naknade mogu biti izražene prema važećem tečaju ili ne, ili mogu biti fiksne naknade: za dodatne informacije provjerite naknade svoje banke / izdavatelja kartice. U Europskoj uniji naknade su regulirane, pa je dobivanje eura s računa u eurima često besplatno - ali ne sa svim karticama i ne sa svim bankomatima.

Bankomati širom svijeta uglavnom slijede ustaljeni obrazac kako bi podizali gotovinu. Umetanje kartice i potvrda osobnim identifikacijskim brojem (PIN), prije nego što navedete iznos vašeg povlačenja. Možda je moguće intuitivno koristiti bankomat na lokalnom jeziku. No noviji bankomati ili oni iz većih banaka ili u turističkim područjima mogu vam omogućiti odabir alternativnog, poznatog jezika na početnom zaslonu ili nakon umetanja kartice. Prije nego što prijeđete na ekran za povlačenje, provjerite jeste li upoznati s trenutnim tečajem, jer će iznos za isplatu obično biti u lokalnoj valuti.

Upotrijebite sigurnosne mjere predostrožnosti kod kuće: budite svjesni da ljudi ili skrivene kamere mogu vidjeti vaš PIN dok ga unosite i koristite bankomat na sigurnom mjestu. Bankomati u zračnim lukama, predvorjima banaka i smješteni unutar trgovačkih centara imaju tendenciju boljeg osiguranja (ondje je teže instalirati nevaljalu kameru ili čitač kartica, a zaštita će intervenirati u slučaju pljačke obližnjih lopova). Moguće je hakiranje bankomata, a zlonamjerni softver instaliraju kriminalci. Korištenje ovih strojeva onda drugima može dati mogućnost da isprazne vaš račun. Korištenje kartice koja ima neka jamstva za prijevaru, poput kreditne kartice umjesto debitne kartice, može pružiti određenu zaštitu. Također koristite strojeve kojima upravljaju veće dobro uspostavljene banke koje će vjerojatno imati bolje sustave za sprječavanje prijevara.

Pretplaćene kartice koje se prodaju za putovanja obično se mogu koristiti na bankomatima. Neke pretplaćene kartice mogu biti ograničene samo na kupnje. Ponovno provjerite naknade.

U razvijenim zemljama bankomate je obično lako pronaći u većim gradovima, ali ne nužno i na selu. Čak se i u zemlje u razvoju obično može pouzdati da imaju bankomate, ali možda ćete se više truditi locirati ih i oni će možda biti nepouzdaniji kad ih imate. Zemlje s ekonomskim sankcijama ne mogu raditi s međunarodnim karticama. Bankomati u nekim zemljama u razvoju mogu izdavati samo lokalnu valutu, gdje turističke ustanove prihvaćaju samo američke dolare ili slično. To bankomat tamo čini zapravo beskorisnim. Pogledajte članke o zemljama. Neki bankomati nude više valuta, često na temelju njihova mjesta i baze klijenata.

Pazi se kloniranje kartice u zemljama s velikim prijevarama. Lopovi mogu postaviti uređaj na čitač kartica bankomata kako bi ugrabili podatke o vašoj kartici ili presreli podatke kada karticu upotrebljavate u restoranu ili trgovini, a zatim stvoriti duplikat kartice koju mogu sami koristiti. Da biste smanjili rizik da vam netko klonira karticu, potražite bankomate na mjestima koja su dobro osvijetljena i vidljiva zaposlenicima. Pregledajte čitač kartica na bankomatu prije nego što ga upotrijebite - ako je neobičnog oblika, ima labavu komponentu ili se ne podudara s drugim bankomatima u blizini, nemoj ga koristiti.

Banka će vam možda naplatiti naknadu za provjeru stanja. Međutim, ponekad će se vaš saldo ispisati besplatno na potvrdi o podizanju gotovine; posljednji korak može vas pitati želite li ga. Uz različite tečajeve i naknade, iznos prikazan na zaslonu možda neće biti točan. Najbolji način da provjerite stanje bez naplate je internetsko bankarstvo ili aplikacija pametnog telefona vaše banke. Prilikom pregledavanja aktivnosti na vašem računu na mreži, vaša podizanja i kupnje na bankomatima pretvorit će se u vašu matičnu valutu. Tradicionalno možda niste primili saldo na stranom bankomatu ili ga možete prikazati samo u stranoj valuti. Međutim, mnogi moderni bankomati prikazivat će vaše trenutno stanje u vašoj lokalnoj i matičnoj valuti, pa čak i dati vam tečaj koji se koristi u trenutku podizanja.

U Kina, UnionPay je preferirana vrsta kartice, iako nije preteško pronaći trgovinu ili bankomat koji prihvaćaju globalnije vrste kao što su Visa ili Mastercard.

U svakom slučaju, napravite potrebna istraživanja kako biste saznali više o bankomatima gdje putujete. Vodiči većine zemalja trebali bi vam moći reći jesu li besplatni bankomati norma. Imajte i sigurnosnu kopiju ako bankomati izgledaju rizično.

Imati bankovne račune u banci koja je prisutna širom svijeta (poput HSBC-a i Citibank-e) nudi neke pogodnosti. Često koriste bankomat bez naknade u inozemnim podružnicama iste banke, a bolja povezanost i sigurnosne značajke čine ih pouzdanijima. Iako vam obično neće moći pomoći na šalterima, često će vas telefonski povezati s pozivnim centrom vlastite banke koji može riješiti sve probleme.

Bankomati često izdaju što je moguće manje novčanica. Na primjer, povlačenjem od 150 eura vjerojatno će se dobiti tri novčanice od 50 eura. Mnogi ljudi odbijaju napraviti promjenu s velikih računa, pa se savjetuje povlačenje iznosa koji se ne može proizvesti samo s velikim računima, u ovom slučaju, na pr. 160 eura, kako biste dobili nekoliko računa od 20 eura za male kupnje. Koji računi proizvode bankomati i koliko se veliki računi prihvaćaju, razlikuje se od mjesta do mjesta. U SAD-u su mnogi bankomati opremljeni samo novčanicama od 20 dolara.

Korištenje kartica na prodajnom mjestu

Prihvaćanje debitnih i kreditnih kartica od strane poduzeća razlikuje se ovisno o zemlji i području, pa provjerite lokalne vodiče. Prihvaćanje je obično češće u razvijenijim zemljama, ali s druge strane, nemojte se previše iznenaditi ako prodavač štandova u najudaljenijim malim gradovima proizvede terminal za kreditne kartice ispod pulta.

Daleko najprihvaćenije svjetske kartice su Visa i MasterCard. Ako nabavljate karticu za putovanje, trebali biste nabaviti jednu od ove dvije marke karata; most issuers should offer either of these cards by default. American Express and Diners' Club cards have global networks but acceptance varies widely depending by country and merchant. Discover, JCB, China UnionPay, NYCE, Star, MAC, and Shazam are regional. Acceptance outside the region is usually limited to areas catering to visitors.

Discover, JCB, China UnionPay, and India's RuPay have an alliance with each other, which allows any of these cards to be accepted on any of the other networks in the home markets of each issuer. This is purely a network alliance, that largely serves to make Discover more usable in China, Japan, and India. This doesn't mean that if the Ugg boot store in Sydney accepts JCB, that it will also accept Discover. Sales personnel may not be familiar with this, but it will work if you can convince them to try. JCB has a separate network alliance with American Express that operates worldwide.

Even if your card is accepted worldwide, you may come across some points-of-sale (e.g. ticket vending machines) that only accept domestically-issued cards. This is manifested through the requirement to enter a postal or zip code of your billing address. If you don't live in the country you are performing the transaction in, you won't obviously be able to provide the postal code. A similar situation may await you when you try to buy local transport tickets using a transport operator's mobile app (this is more common in the US and when this is the case, such apps are not going to be available on your country's mobile app store anyway); in this case, you will have to use the vending machines or a manned ticket desk and possibly pay only in cash.

Debit/ATM versus credit cards

ATMs in Poznan

Debit/ATM cards are linked directly to a bank, checking or cash account and immediately deduct the amount of the purchase or ATM withdrawal from the account. Credit cards are not linked to an account with funds in it, but instead charge against a credit line, to be repaid later. Debit cards can be used for general purchases and for obtaining currency. ATM cards can only be used in ATMs for withdrawing currency. This means somewhat greater security for the latter, i.e.,

If your ATM card is lost or number stolen, thieves cannot use it in any way without its PIN.
If card and PIN are compromised, ATMs will dispense currency only in the general locations, dates/times and amount limits you arranged with your bank/credit union before travel.
If a debit card broj is lost or stolen, thieves can use it (with a "cloned" card and phony identification) anywhere to buy goods or services less than a certain amount (for each use) set by your bank...often $100 (equivalent) or less.
If card and PIN are compromised, thieves can promptly empty the entire account, and svibanj gain ability to use or steal other assets by examining account details.

When using any type of card to withdraw cash, your bank may charge a fee of 1–3% on top of foreign exchange, an ATM fee and perhaps others. Uz to i većina credit card users will be charged a cash advance fee and interest on any cash advance ("loan") from the day you withdraw it from an ATM until the credit card balance is fully paid. Credit cards sometimes also have a higher than normal interest rate applicable to cash advances. In some cases you can use a credit card like a debit card or prepaid card by making a payment into your credit card account in-advance, keeping the balance positive. In this case you can avoid the daily interest charge, but still may face other fees. Your bank may also limit its liability to the credit limit on the card if it is lost or stolen.

Such costs will be unlike and separate from those for retail purchases, and the interest rate for cash advances will often be higher than for purchases. In some cases, your bank may limit credit card cash advances or loans to an amount substantially less than your overall credit line.
While there is usually a grace period when using your credit card for purchases (you will not be charged interest if you pay off your balance in full within that billing period) there is usually no grace period for a cash advance using a credit card.
Your bank's liability in case of credit card or PIN loss svibanj be limited by law, at worst equal to your credit limit and credit balance.

Despite the fees you or the merchant pays, when making point-of-sale purchases, your costs or fees will nearly always be better if you use a credit card than a debit card. If your card is stolen, your liability will usually be limited by law (for U.S. banks, $50 for all misuse), and you can dispute fraudulent charges made by unauthorized users on a credit card. But, a stolen debit card and PIN may be used to empty its account, and require many hassles to re-establish security and (perhaps) regain funds. See "Risks/trade-offs" below for ways to avoid this.

As above, credit card companies will protect you if you are charged more than you agreed to pay, if you pay for something and never receive it (strict deadlines may apply), or if your card is klonirana (duplicated) without your knowledge and then fraudulently used without being physically stolen.

Credit cards may also include other benefits such as cancellation insurance for flights (usually only in the case of serious sickness), theft or loss insurance for goods (usually only if stolen within 90 days of purchase and a proper police report is filed), collision insurance for rental cars, and emergency health insurance in certain situations while you are traveling. Your card's issuer should fully describe those benefits and their limits.

Credit cards may also provide rewards programs that give you free flights or cash back after a certain (large) amount of spending. The cards may be linked to a frequent flier or hotel loyalty program. If you have an American Express card, in case of a lost or stolen card, you can obtain cash advances and replacement cards easily, by visiting an American Express office.

Međutim, postoje a few merchants (mostly hotels and rental car firms) who zlostavljanje credit card clientele.

A hire car firm may attempt to rent you a vehicle with minor windscreen damage or small dents, then accuse you of causing that or more damage when or sometime after you return the vehicle. It may automatically charge claimed repairs to your card at questionable or inflated prices. This justifies action before you accept the vehicle for use, i.e., inspect the car thoroughly, inside and out, for damage or missing items, photograph/document any untoward condition seen, and have the condition noted with an agent's initials/signature on your contract at check-out. Consider taking similar photos as you return the vehicle as proof of its condition.
With hotels, examine the details of your bill before you pay and leave. It can be very difficult to get your bank to process a charge-back if you are careless about an overcharge or hidden charges at the time of booking, e.g. resort fees.

Many Visa or Mastercard debit cards (mostly issued by banks in Asia) are not embossed (no raised letters/numbers), hence they are indicated as "For Electronic Use Only." This means that they can't be used for transactions that require physically imprinting on a merchant's charge slip and/or manual authorization. Acceptance of these "Electronic Use Only" debit cards for online purchases may not be guaranteed even with sufficient funds, and may need clarification with the issuing bank. Consult the issuing bank about how to effectively use the card if going somewhere you've not yet used it.

Before you leave home

Payment by card in Taiwan

Advise your bank about when and where you are travelling. This can help avoid triggering its fraud monitors that may cause transactions to be rejected, or even freeze your card account. They may also need to get international support specifically activated for your debit or credit card.
Make note of what to do if your cards are lost or stolen. Note the numbers of your cards, the numbers to call. If your bank has an app that can freeze your card, download it.
If your bank detects fraud, they may try to contact you. Some banks will send you a SMS notification if they decline your card. If you don't have a phone where you can receive a phone call or a SMS, it may result in your transaction being declined or your card frozen.
Take a backup card or cards. Keep them separate from your primary cards. Make sure they are also activated for use where you are travelling to. Consider leaving a spare card with someone who could courier it to you in an emergency. Banks can charge large sums for this service.
Get a separate PIN for each of your cards, and remember them! Možeš i trebao bi choose PINs that you can remember easily. Choose numbers, as not all ATMs have or accept letters. Don't write any down, or make any obvious (e.g. 1234 and 1111).
PIN code lengths vary from country to country, but for maximum compatibility you should try to make each you'll use 4 digits before traveling. If you have a six digit PIN and can only enter four, try the first four.
Ensure you accurately enter the PIN when using an ATM. Some ATMs keep your card during your access, and might confiscate it if you make three incorrect PIN entries.

Most banks do not hold you responsible for any transactions made on your card that occur after you report it lost or stolen. So make sure you report any loss or suspected compromise immediately. Use of credit and debit cards is not recommended in a few countries due to high potential for fraudulent misuse, e.g. Nigerija. Your bank should be able to advise you.

"Chip cards"

A payment terminal which supports both chip and magnetic cards

"Chip cards" are credit and debit cards with an embedded chip in addition to or instead of the magnetic stripe. These cards are ubiquitous in Europe, Africa, Australia, Canada and New Zealand, and are being introduced rapidly in the U.S.

A 'chip card' will generally need to be inserted rather than swiped at point of sale. Generally you will enter a PIN (cards with this configuration are called 'chip and PIN' cards), but sometimes the terminal will still generate a sales docket to be signed. In ATMs when you insert your card, there is no change. Some swipe ATMs will ask you to reinsert your card after you have swiped it.

In the U.S., all stores that display the Visa, MasterCard, or American Express logos must also accept the swipe-and-sign version of the credit cards; however, some may initially refuse to do so (be persistent, asking for the manager if necessary). Elsewhere however, with self-service machines such gas pumps and ticket vending machines, you may be out of luck. This is also the case in countries where 'chip and PIN' is the norm where chip cards that do not have a PIN may be declined.

As with all cards, check your statement regularly, and report any instances of unauthorized transactions.

Contactless cards and mobile phones/smart watches

Symbol for contactless payments

Chips on some cards (and passports) include radio frequency identification (RFID), made to be energized by a nearby (authorized) scanner. Often times, a signature and/or PIN are not needed for small transactions done through contactless. Cards that come with this technology and bear the contactless symbol (see the right hand side) and merchants that accept contactless payments will have that decal posted somewhere in their premises (either at the window/door or at the tills). Most of these use an entirely different technology from the debit or credit cards and have inadequate security, e.g. allowing almost any nearby wireless scanner to read data the card/chip holds. That can include personal and financial information, or enough data to gain access to it. This has spawned a small industry in RFID-protected wallets for cards and passports. Learn from each issuer how secure your RFID cards are, and carry and protect them accordingly.

Some mobile phones (notably iPhones released since 2014 and selected Android models), and by extension smartwatches linked to them, have a provision where users can input their debit and credit card information and 'tap' such phones on readers that accept contactless cards (Visa, Mastercard, and AMEX) to pay for a transaction. They work similar to contactless cards but have an added layer of security (e.g. fingerprint verification) before the transaction goes through. Once set up, the device doesn't need an internet connection for use in traditional brick-and-mortar merchants but information about the transaction will only be displayed once an internet connection has been established. Although in theory such technology is supposed to work anywhere with a contactless symbol, it may be difficult to use devices linked to European bank accounts in North America and vice versa due to technical differences between each region. Availability of this technology varies by country and bank. But if this is available to you and contactless is much more ubiquitous than cash in the country you are visiting, you may want to leave your cash and physical cards in your hotel safe.

One disadvantage of contactless technology using the contactless feature of a card or smart device may not be capable of withdrawing cash at cash machines.

Holds on funds

Most large hotels and all car rental companies put a funds "hold" on your credit card for a larger amount than the amount of your pending room or vehicle charge. A $100 car rental can render a card with a $3000 credit limit useless if the car rental agency puts a hold on an excess amount for the full $3000. This usually takes the form of a pre-authorisation, and the "hold" is removed automatically when the final transaction is put through. The "hold" can remain for much longer when the final transaction is never processed, and you have to wait for the pre-authorisation to expire before you can access those funds. This can happen if the hotel doesn't use the pre-authorisation code when you check-out, or if you prepay the hotel bill, and don't incur any charges while staying, there is no final transaction to clear the pre-auth. Usually a pre-auth will expire within 10 days.

"Cardlock" (pay at the pump) fuel pumps will attempt authorization for at least $75–100 on debit cards, even when a lesser amount of fuel is requested. Usually the pump will display the amount. The hold will be released when the transaction is finalized, but you may have to see an attendant if you want to buy $20 of petrol with a debit card with only $20 of funds.

Holds on funds can be more of an issue with debit cards than with credit cards - because your own funds are being held. It's usually best to pay for car rentals and hotels with credit cards where the only hold is on your credit limit.

ATM cards

Anti-skimming device installed on an ATM in Njemačka

If you appreciate the convenience and increased security of such a card, you can ask your bank or credit union for an "ATM only" card. It should (per your request) be networked with ATMs worldwide and only usable in ATMs (or permitted point-of-sale systems) and only with your PIN.

As long as your PIN is secure, this removes the possibility that your card can be stolen or copied and used without your knowledge. Your "ATM only" card also can't be used for phone or Internet purchases, further minimizing the risk someone can copy your card numbers and make unauthorized purchases.

Prepaid cards

Cards accepted!

It may be possible to get a Visa, Mastercard or American Express-branded prepaid card. This prepaid card works similarly to a debit card except that it is not a bank account. Since it is not linked to your bank account, your maximum exposure is limited to the amount of money you have transferred to that card's balance (minimum top up amounts apply).

Prepaid cards may or may not be capable of being topped-up, depending on the issuer's policies. If so, once the balance is completely depleted, the card can't be used anymore and should be physically destroyed. However for cards that may be topped-up, they can be done so in the issuing banks or online. You do not need to have a bank account with the bank that issued the prepaid card but having one has advantages such as more convenient options to top-up your card (e.g. online, via ATM). There is usually no minimum denominated amount for top-up. Still, you should only top-up the amount you need for a certain number of anticipated uses.

Availability of those cards within each country varies. Some countries like the U.S. have prepaid Visa, Mastercard and American Express available at the counter of pharmacies or grocery stores; they just need pre-payment and activation at the purchase point. Others will allow you to get them from well-known foreign exchange stands (e.g. Travelex). But a few will only make these cards available directly from participating banks.

Generally, these prepaid cards can be used worldwide unless indicated otherwise (most notably, generic Visa, Mastercard and American Express gift cards issued in the U.S.) However online use of prepaid cards depends on the issuer.

Fees can be levied on the card purchase, on top-ups, on withdrawals, on non-use, and on closure. The exchange rates used when converting to a different currency on the card, are ne the standard Visa or Mastercard rates and are determined by the issuer. These can easily be up to 10% from the "mid-rate".

Prepaid cards may or may not allow withdrawals from an ATM (depending on the issuer), and those that do may assess an additional fee on top of the usual fees imposed for withdrawals. That, because using a prepaid card is supposed to encourage electronic point-of-sale transactions.

Prepaid cards often have no PIN and therefore cannot be used for 'cardlock' pay-at-the-pump fuel purchases. They can still be processed manually by the fuel station attendant.

It will usually be cheaper to obtain and use a low foreign transaction fee debit card than a prepaid card for foreign currency transactions. The only disadvantage...you are subject to volatility in exchange rates, as your debit card only stores your local currency.

Specialist travel currency cards and fee-free alternatives

Consider purchasing currency cards such as Cash Passport. These are normally branded in a MasterCard and in some cases a Visa logo, and hence can be used in anywhere where merchants accept those cards. The normal currency cards being offered are denominated in U.S. dollars, euros, pound sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. You will top up in your home currency and it will be converted into the currency of the card.

Some currency cards are capable of containing multiple currencies at once. In this case, you may be able to change money between currencies offered by that card.

The rates usually fall between 1.0-2.5% of the base rate used by MasterCard or Visa, which is still better than using your everyday debit or credit card directly. In order to take advantage of the best rates, top up online and use the currency card only for transactions in the currencies of the card. When using a currency card having multiple currencies, make sure that the currencies have sufficient balance to cover transactions you wish to make. If you are offered a conversion to your home currency, reject it as well.

In some countries, it is possible to get debit cards that convert your transaction using the SPOT or interbank rate. This means you are going to be charged at or around the same exchange rate that you see on finance websites or business channels. These cards are usually associated with a mobile phone app, which you need to download in the first instance to apply for such cards. These apps can give you your transaction history, allow you to top up funds, convert between currencies, etc. Some cards on the other hand will not require you to top up funds; they will directly charge your "main" debit card or bank account but will use the interbank rate instead of your bank's rate, which may have foreign exchange fees or other surcharges associated with it. Other fee-free services such as Revolut, which is available in dozens of countries, act as virtual bank accounts where the account/card-holder can have accounts in as many currencies as the provider offers. This way, provided that the user tops up and converts local currency into each of his or her foreign exchange accounts beforehand sufficiently, the user will be protected from further fluctuations in the foreign exchange market. Whether these fee-free provisions extend to ATM withdrawals depends on the issuer.

EC Cards

If you have a European euro bank account you can obtain a V Pay kartica. This can be used as a debit card in shops and restaurants in other euro countries with no additional charge. Can also be used at European (but not worldwide) ATMs.

Card costs

Card usage fees

A self-checkout machine in a Houston supermarket

Transaction fees can be charged by the bank or institution that issues your card, the company that clears or processes the transaction, and the merchant or the ATM-owner where you use your card. These fees can be fixed, a percentage of the amount, or built into an exchange rate - or a combination of these.

Per the above discussion on card types, most card issuers will charge a foreign transaction fee of up to 4% of the transaction amount every time you make a purchase or cash withdrawal in a foreign country. This fee may be charged even if the transaction is in your home currency but with a foreign bank. Be careful purchasing other countries on the web, where the currency amount may be displayed in your home currency, but you still may pay foreign transaction fees. Try to find a card issuer that doesn't charge this fee or has a low fee.

In the United States: Capital One, Schwab, Discover Bank, and Varo debit cards. Most travel credit cards.
In the United Kingdom: Halifax.
In Australia: 28 Degrees or Citbank Plus.
In Canada: Home Trust, Scotiabank or Rogers Bank (which charges 2.5% exchange, but provides 4% cash back on foreign transactions).

This can save you a considerable amount on any extended travel. Card issuers may also charge a foreign ATM usage fees as a fixed fee. Check your banks fees well in advance of travel, and consider applying for a new card with lower fees for travel. Allow plenty of time for the application and to receive the card.

The processing company - Visa, Mastercard, American Express, etc. - build a small margin into the exchange rate they convert at. You can find the exchange rate that Visa or Mastercard exchange rates on their website. American Express charges an exchange rate that is 0.0% to 0.5% worse than the rate charged by Visa and MasterCard. Generally the rate is 0.5% to 1% from the midrate. The exchange rate applied to a transaction is usually the rate on the transaction processing date, that can vary from the purchase date. Therefore, unless currency rates are fixed, it is impossible to know exactly what exact exchange rate will be charged until the transaction is posted to your account. Any exchange rate fluctuation may be in your favor, or against you.

When paying by a credit/debit card, different exchange rates might be used depending on your bank policies. Check which exchange rate does your bank use, the credit card company rate is usually much more favourable than the bank rate. Usual practice is that if your bank has an exchange rate available for a currency, they use that rate, and if they do not trade this currency, they use credit card company rate. Thus, exotic currencies might be actually cheaper then expected. However, if your home currency is not a first tier currency, the bank policy might be to use their rate to exchange the amount to hard currency, eg. Euros or Dollars, and then use the credit card rate to exchange it to the desired currency, meaning you will pay the exchange rate twice during one transaction. If going for an expensive or long holiday, the exchange rates are likely to be the most most expensive part of card usage costs.

As mentioned previously, some FinTech providers (e.g. Revolut) offer debit cards and virtual bank accounts with no (when the market is open) or lower foreign exchange transaction fees (during the weekend when the market is closed) than brick-and-mortar banks. This way you will be able to convert cash or perform card transactions at the real-time interbank rate.

ATM owners can charge a fixed fee' to use your card at an ATM, on top of what your bank charges you. This will usually be written on the ATM or displayed on the screen. Check for partnerships with your card issuer to reduce this fee; some ATMs may have partnership arrangements with your bank to have lower fees or fee free withdrawals. Consider larger withdrawals to reduce the impact of fixed fees. Before going to some country, get to know the local fees - so you will know that in Thailand it is normal to pay quite a large fee while in Europe this is unusual. If there are multiple ATMs next to each other, you can shop around for the smallest fee. ATMs of a local bank usually charge smaller fee than ATM only companies, such as Euronet in Europe.

Merchants may charge a surcharge or require a minimum purchase. Local laws can affect how common merchant surcharges are. Merchant surcharges can be a fixed fee or a percentage of the transaction, and they should be advised at point of sale. These can vary between card types, and between debit and credit cards.

Dynamic currency conversion

When you are paying by card for items or services priced in a foreign currency, some merchants will offer to convert your transaction into your home currency. This is called Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC). Unless you prioritise certainty (given that the actual amount in your home currency to be debited is disclosed), if this is offered, you should decline to. Merchants aren't disclosing one key point: their exchange rates are often worse than whatever your card issuer would have provided had you kept the transaction in terms of the local currency – sometimes up to 10% worse.

Always check your receipt and card terminal, and if you see anything involving your home currency in a country that doesn't use that currency, ask the merchant to redo the transaction in the local currency. Where DCC is offered, Visa requires the merchant to disclose the fee and must provide the consumer with a choice of getting the bill in the customer's home currency or the local currency.
Some credit card terminals will show you an amount in your home currency and ask you to accept or decline the amount. Declining the home currency option will process the transaction in the local currency, which means your bank or card issuer will do the conversion for you.
Some cash machines are also known to use DCC, much like credit cards at the point of sale, and should be declined. The machine will ask you if you would like the amount in your home currency or local currency; even though you will always receive the local currency. If you decline (cancel), some ATMs are programmed to automatically cancel the transaction, which is to say that the bank is forcing you to accept DCC. Your best choice is to just find another ATM that doesn't use dynamic currency conversion.
Merchants may try to convince you that paying in your home currency will avoid foreign transaction fees. This is not always necessarily true and instead, depending on the issuer, may still end up paying the foreign transaction fee on top of the unfavourable foreign exchange rate used for conversion.
Some merchants may force DCC on you. They may claim that the machine does it automatically. Insist that the merchant re-runs the transaction in local currency. If they refuse, clearly write "DCC Refused, Local currency not offered". Then dispute the charge with your bank.
Sometimes you may be asked to tick the currency on a receipt. Mark the local currency clearly and (optionally) write "Local currency selected".
If you have an American Express card and the merchant accepts it, use it. American Express prohibits DCC.

Provjere

Travellers cheque

A travellers cheque (or travelers check) is a cheque issued for a fixed amount in a specific currency that you purchase with your funds in advance. Once the most popular way of taking currency overseas, these are declining in popularity due to widespread adoption of payment cards; the number of businesses willing to cash a traveller's cheque is also in decline. There is often a fee (about 1% of face value) when purchasing the cheques at a bank; neki automobile associations waive this fee as a service to their members.

Before buying travellers cheques, confirm they will be accepted where you are travelling. As there are many common scams involving forged or stolen cheques, many merchants no longer honor them; travellers buying travellers cheques before a trip sometimes return home having been unable to use them anywhere.

Be sure to get the cheques in the currency of the country to which you are travelling, or (if that's not possible) whichever one gives the best exchange rate there. Travellers cheques are available only in major currencies. For example, if you are travelling to the USA, you could purchase ten US$100 travellers cheques before you travel there, and use them when you arrive. You sign each cheque when you purchase it and again on the same cheque to redeem it.

One of the main advantage of travellers cheques is complete protection against loss or theft. Once you report them as missing, the issuing company will replace them. You must also keep a record of your used cheque numbers. Most travellers cheque issuers have arrangements to replace them around the world in a short time frame so you are not long left without cash. If you are unsure which cheques you have already cashed and which are missing, your refund may be delayed until the issuer can figure out which ones have been presented.

A second advantage is that travellers cheques in a foreign currency may allow you to lock-in an exchange rate without the risk of cash, or the fees associated with a pre-paid card. If you are travelling from Germany to the U.S. and know you are spending $1,100 to stay at your New York hotel that accepts travellers cheques, you can purchase that value (U.S. dollar denomination cheques) in advance with no risk of exchange movements at the time. That said, should the euro rise in value in the meantime, you paid more than you could have. Thus, it's a trade-off of stability versus possibly a better rate. Just make sure the hotel accepts travellers cheques before you purchase, or you have a way of cashing them elsewhere upon arrival.

Travellers cheques can be exchanged for cash at some banks and exchange bureaus. A hotel may sometimes provide this service to its guests. American Express travellers cheques can also be exchanged at American Express travel centers. Fees for cashing travellers cheques vary by destination and institution. Some banks will cash some brands of cheques free, but this is increasingly rare. American Express will cash their cheques free at their travel centers if they are in the denominated in local currency. More often, fees apply, a sliding scale or a flat fee that may apply only above a certain threshold. If you are cashing travellers cheques into different currency to their denomination, fees may also be charged for the exchange.

Travellers cheques can also sometimes be used for purchases at point of sale, although less widely than credit cards. In general, only the largest stores and hotels will accept travellers cheques for payment.

You will pay a fee to buy travellers cheques. If they are denominated in a foreign currency, this fee may be built into the exchange rate.

Ako imate travel insurance, you may care to compare the benefits under your policy. Credit card companies will usually offer a 48-hour emergency replacement or cash advance service for a fee, and these fees may already be covered under your policy. The policies may also cover the loss or theft of cash.

Personal cheques and bank drafts

A personal cheque (ili ček) issued on a current account with your bank or credit union is not likely to be widely accepted for travel. Acceptance is typically confined to the travellers home country or region in local currencies and the cheque risks being worthless if the underlying account is overdrawn.

A bank draft ili cashier's cheque is issued by a banking institution, drawn on its own funds instead of an individual client's account. These are now so uncommon that they are unlikely to be accepted without special arrangements being made. These have been almost completely replaced by telegraphic transfers - funds transfer directly between international bank accounts.

Mobile payments

Japan i Južna Korea were the pioneers in mobile payments, with South Korea adopting its first mobile payment system in 2000, and Japan in 2004. The original South Korean and Japanese systems required the use of phones with a special chip installed, making them exclusively designed for the domestic market. Since the late 2010s, mobile payments have taken off in Kina, which unlike the Japanese and South Korean systems, were QR code based, and only required a smart phone. Today, China leads the world in the adoption of mobile payments, and these are accepted even by many street market stalls, to the point that they often do not have change for customers paying by cash.

Carrying or sending money across national borders

Countries track large movements of money across national borders. This is to help prevent money laundering, tax evasion, and transfers of funds to criminal and terrorist groups. If you transfer money between international bank accounts, or use your credit card in a foreign country, this is reported automatically, but if you carry large amounts of money (typically more than US$10,000, euro, or similar hard currency) you will need to declare it whenever you leave or enter a country. Don't forget monetary instruments such as traveller's checks count as well, as do personal cheques, bank cheques, postal orders or similar monetary instruments that are able to pay the bearer cash. If you or one of your travelling party could exchange them outside the country for cash, you should declare. This typically does not apply if you are abroad, but not the funds or the party to be paid (e.g. domestic online payment, internationally mailing a cheque both drawn and payable exclusively in your home country, etc.) If in any doubt, just declare.

Neke zemlje, kao npr Indija i Sjeverna Koreja, do not allow the country's home currency to be imported or exported at all. Other countries may have such a low import/export limit in the country's currency that these limits effectively stop you importing or exporting the local currency. This means that you will have to bring all the money you need in a convertible currency and change it to the local currency when you arrive. Likewise, you must change all the local currency back to hard currency before you leave. Often, these laws are poorly enforced. At other times, they can be inconvenient when converting back to hard currency may require a receipt. Check local guides for likely issues.

If you need to use your pre-existing online bill payment from your bank or PayPal while abroad to pay bills back home, let them know a week in advance which countries you will be visiting. Banking and payment websites are aware of your access from a foreign country because they can track the origin of your Internet IP address, which is country specific. You will likely be blocked from your account to prevent fraud, unless prior arraignments were made.

Getting money in an emergency

You should have a plan for how you will get money in an emergency.

If you have a spare card that you left at home, you can use that card to do things like book prepaid accommodation online through an accommodation booking site. In some countries you can even use a spare card or a friends card to purchase eGiftCards, that give you a number or a bar code you can use at point of purchase in supermarkets, etc.

If you have a premium credit card, or an American Express card, contact their assistance numbers. The credit card assistance lines will often wire you cash as a cash advance on the credit card.

Ako imate travel insurance, contact their assistance line. Most insurance companies cover lost cash and cards, but most will have to process a claim before they will help you, which is practically useless in the short term.

If you have someone willing to send you money, there are several options for getting money fast in an hitan slučaj. To uključuje sljedeće:

Having someone back home directly depositing money into your bank account. You then use an ATM to make withdrawals. If you both have a PayPal account, this can be done online by computer. It will take a couple days for the money to transfer from your PayPal account to your bank account (longer over weekends and bank holidays), and don't forget to initiate this yourself on the PayPal website as soon as possible. However, if you have PayPal's debit card (MasterCard/Cirrus), the funds will normally be available immediately. (Don't do the aforementioned transfer in this case.) This is not without risk; as Paypal is not a bank and is not regulated as a bank, your recourse is relatively limited if they freeze your account or hold your funds for any reason. There are no fees for funds sent directly from bank accounts of family and friends (i.e. non-commercial transactions), but credit/debit card, and foreign exchange fees apply. Typically, these fees are similar to or somewhat less than what others charge. Although PayPal offers many foreign currencies for sending money, the funds must be in the same currency as your bank account natrag kući. Only if you're relying on a trusted friend abroad, should the funds be sent in a foreign currency.

Moneygram is a private money transfer company with many franchise outlet around the world. Someone can pay in money at one office giving the name of the receiver and will be given a reference number. Within an hour you can obtain the cash anywhere in the world if you have the reference number and some form of identification. Fees are higher than interbank money transfer but it has the advantage you do not need an account in the sending or receiving country. There are some dedicated Moneygram shops but in most countries agents are in small supermarkets (often catering for expatriates), newsagents, tobacconists, and some banks, often in areas of high immigrant populations. In the UK and Canada the Post Office is an agent.

Get money from a friend via wire transfer services like Zapadna unija. (similar to MoneyGram). If you know your credit card numbers, you can use it to wire yourself some money. However, this is quite expensive, since it will be treated as a "cash advance," in addition to the hefty Western Union fee.

XOOM ("zoom") is now owned by PayPal, and has wire transfer services similar to Western Union and Moneygram. Some countries have cash home delivery available.

Sending cash via an overnight courier service (this is reliable, but is sometimes not allowed in the courier company's terms of service.)

Mogao bi prodavati personal possessions such as a camera or sport watch.

Your embassy may be able to provide a short-term emergency loan. In many cases, the embassy may only offer help in obtaining a loan from a third party. They will certainly want to see that you have exhausted all other avenues open to you.

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